ABRAC 1991. Supplements to Minutes. Guidelines recommended to USDA by the Agricultural Biotechnology Research Advisory Committee, December 3-4 1991. Guidelines for research involving planned introduction into the environment of genetically modified organisms. Document No.91-04, USDA, Office of Agricultural Biotechnology, 14th and Independence Ave., S. W., Room 1001 RPE, Washington, D.C. 20250-2200.
Allen, Jr., S. K. and S. L. Downing. 1990. Performance of triploid Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas: gametogenesis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47: 1213-1222.
Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force 1994. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the intentional introductions policy review. Report to Congress. ANS Task Force Coordinator, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Interior, Washington, D.C.
Avise, J. C., and M. J. Van den Avyle. 1984. Genetic analysis of reproduction of hybrid white bass x stripes bass in the Savannah River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 113: 563-570.
Bachman, R. A. 1984. Foraging behavior of free- ranging wild and hatchery brown trout in a stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 113: 1-32.
Blakenship, K. 1994. Experiment with Japanese oysters ends abruptly: oysters thought to be sterile found capable of reproducing. Bay Journal 4 (5): 1-4. Alliance for Chesapeake Bay, Baltimore, MD.
Beverton, R. J. H., and S. J. Holt. 1957. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. Fisheries Investigations of London, ser 2, 19.
Buxton, C. D., and P. A. Garrett. 1990. Alternative reproductive styles in seabreams (Pisces: Sparidae). Pages 113-124 in M. N. Burton, ed. Alternative Life History Styles of Fishes. Volume 28 (1-4).
Campton, D. E. 1987. Natural hybridization and introgression in fishes: Methods of detection and genetic interpretation. Pages 161-192 in N. Ryman and F. Utter, eds. Population genetics and fishery management. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Carlton, J. T., G. J. Vermeig, D. R. Lindberg, D. A. Carlton, and E. Dubley. 1991. The first historical extinction of a marine invertebrate in an ocean basin: The demise of the eelgrass limpet Lottia alveus. Biol. Bull. 180 (1): 72-80.
Carpenter, S. R., and J. F. Kitchell. 1988. Introduction. Pages 1-8 in S. R. Carpenter, ed. Complex interactions in lake communities. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Chaplin, J. A. 1993. The local displacement of a sexually reproducing ostracod by a conspecific parthenogen. Heredity 71 (3): 259-268.
Chevassus, B., et al., 1983. Production of viable hybrids in salmonids by triploidization. Genetique, Selection, Evolution 15: 519-532.
Christie, W. J., G. R. Spangler, K. H. Loftus, W. L. Hartman, P. J. Colby, M. A. Ross, and D. R. Talhelm. 1987. A perspective on Great Lakes fish community rehabilitation. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44 (Suppl.2): 486-499.
Collares-Pereira, M. J. 1987. The evolutionary role of hybridization: The example of natural Iberian fish populations. Pages 83-92 in K. Tiews, ed. Selection, hybridization, and genetic engineering in aquaculture. Verlag, H. Heenemann Gmbh, Berlin, Germany.
Connell, J. H. 1975. Some mechanisms producing structure in natural communities. Pages 460-490 in M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond, eds. Ecology and evolution of communities. Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA.
Cooperative State Research Service, Department of Agriculture. 1990. Finding of no significant impact; Research on transgenic carp to be conducted at the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES), Auburn University, Alabama. Office of Agricultural Biotechnology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Room 321-A, Administration Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, S. W., Washington, D.C. 20250.
Cooperative State Research Service, Department of Agriculture. 1990a. Availability of an environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact relative to USDA founding of research on transgenic carp. Federal Register 55 (225): 48661-48662.
Crow, J. F. 1958. Some possibilities for measuring selection intensities in man. Pages 1-13 in J. N. Spuhler, ed. Natural selection in man. Wayne University Press, Detroit, MI.
Dawley, R. M. 1989. An Introduction to Unisexual Vertebrates. Pages 1-18 in R. M. Dawley and J. P. Bogart, eds. Evolution and Ecology of Unisexual Vertebrates. Bulletin 466. New York State Museum, Albany, New York.
Depas, L., A. Fostier, J. Fuchs, M. Weppe, G. Nedelec, A. Benett, C. Cauty, and B. Jalabert. 1990. The sexuality of cultured hermaphroditic fish species: Analysis of morphological and endocrinological features in a protogynous hermaphrodite, Epinephelous microdon, as a basis for further research to control reproduction in the grouper. Pages 543-557 in J. Barret, ed. Advances in Tropical Aquaculture, Workshop held in Tahiti, French Polynesia, Feb.20-Mar.4, 1989.
Disney, J. E., K. R. Johnson, and G. H. Thorgaard. 1987. Intergenetic gene transfer of six isozyme loci in rainbow trout by sperm chromosome fragmentation and gynogenesis. Experimental Zoology 244: 151-158.
Dobzhansky, T. 1970. Genetics of the evolutionary process. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.
Emery, L. 1981. Range extension of pink salmon into the lower Great Lakes. Fisheries 6 (2): 7-10.
Emlen, J. M. 1984. Population biology. The coevolution of population dynamics and behavior. MacMillan Publishing Co., New York, NY.
European Inland Fisheries Commission. 1988. Code of practice and manual of procedures for consideration of introductions and transfers of marine and freshwater organisms Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, EIFAC. Occasional paper No.23.
Forshage, A. A. et al. 1988. Natural reproduction of white bass x striped bass in a Texas reservoir. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 40: 9-14.
Fry, F. E. J. 1971. The effect of environmental factors on the physiology of fish. Pages 1-98 in W. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall, eds. Fish physiology. Volume VI. Environmental relations and behavior. Academic Press, New York, NY.
Gaffney, P. and S. K. Allen. 1992. Genetic aspects of introduction and transfer of molluscs. Journal of Shellfish Research 11: 535-538.
Gliddon, C. J. and J. Goudet. 1994. Gene flow and analysis of structured populations. Pages 30-40 in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Environment Directorate, Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy. Environmental impacts of aquaculture using aquatic organisms derived through modern biotechnology. The proceedings of the Trondheim workshop. OECD, Environment Directorate, Environmental Health and Safety Division, 2 rue Andrè Pascal, 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 FRANCE. [FAX (33-1) 45 24 16 75. Document expected to be published in the OECD “Document-on-Sale” series.]
Goudet, J. 1993. The genetics of geographically structured populations. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Wales, Bangor.
Goudet, J. T. Meels, A. J. Day, and C. J. Gliddon. 1994. The different levels of population structuring of dogwhelks, Nucella lapillus, along the south Devon coast. Pages 31-42 in A. Beaumont, ed. Genetics and evolution of aquatic organisms. Chapman and Hall, London.
Grant, V. 1985. The evolutionary process. Columbia University Press, New York.
Haldane, J. B. S. 1937. The effect of variation of fitness. American Naturalist 71: 337-349.
Hallerman, E. M., and A. R. Kapuscinski. 1993. Potential impacts of transgenic and genetically manipulated fish on natural populations: Addressing the uncertainties through field testing. Pages 93-112 in J. Cloud, ed. Conservation genetics of salmonid fishes. Plenum Press, New York.
Harrell, R. M. et al. 1993. Evidence of introgressive hybridization in Chesapeake Bay Morone. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 2: 291-299.
Hartl, D. 1988. A primer of population genetics, second edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Hebert, P. D. N., S. S. Schwartz, R. D. Ward and T. L. Finston. 1993. Macrogeographic patterns of breeding system diversity in the Daphnia pulex group.1. breeding systems of Canadian populations. Heredity 70 (2):148-161.
Heller, J. 1993. Hermaphroditism in molluscs. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 48 (1): 19-42.
Hubbs, C. L. 1955. Hybridization between fish species in nature. Systematic Zoology 4: 1-20.
Hughes, R. M. and R. F. Noss. 1992. Biological diversity and biological integrity: current concerns for lakes and streams. Fisheries (Bethesda) 17 (3): 11-17.
Ihssen, P. E., et al. 1990. Ploidy manipulation in fishes: cytogenetic and fisheries applications. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 119: 698-717.
Inada, Y. and N. Taniguchi. 1991. Spawning behavior and after-spawning survival in induced triploid ayu Plecoglossus altivelis. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Science of Fisheries 57: 2265-2269.
Kapuscinski, A. R., and E. M. Hallerman. 1990. Transgenic fish and public policy: anticipating environmental impacts of transgenic fish. Fisheries (Bethesda) 15 (1): 2-11.
Kapuscinski, A. R., and E. M. Hallerman. 1991. Implications of introductions of transgenic fish into natural ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48 (Suppl.1): 99-107.
Karr, J. R. 1991. Biological integrity: a long neglected aspect of water resources management. Ecological Applications 1: 66-84.
Kitamura, S., H. Ogata, and H. Onozato. 1991. Triploid male masu salmon Oncorhynchus masu shows normal courtship behavior. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Science of Fisheries. 57: 2157.
Kitchell, J. F., and S. W. Hewett. 1987. Forecasting forage demand and yields of sterile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Michigan. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44 (Suppl.5): 284-290.
Kohler, C. C. 1992. Environmental risk management of introduced aquatic organisms in aquaculture. ICES Marine Science Symposia 194: 15-20.
Kohler, C. C., and J. G. Stanley. 1984. A suggested protocol for evaluating proposed exotic fish introductions in the United States. Pages 387-406 in W. R. Courtenay, Jr. and J. R. Stauffer, Jr., eds. Distribution, biology, and management of exotic fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
Kohler, C. C., and W. R. Courtenay, Jr. 1986. American Fisheries Society position statement on introductions of aquatic species. Fisheries (Bethesda) 11 (2): 39-42.
Kwain, W., and A. H. Lawrie. 1981. Pink salmon in the Great Lakes. Fisheries (Bethesda) 6 (2): 2-6.
Lagler, K. F., J. E. Bardach, and R. R. Miller. 1977. Ichthyology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Lassuy, D. R. 1995. Introduced species as a factor in extinction and endangerment of native fish species. American Fisheries Society Symposium 15: 391-396.
Leary, R. F., F. W. Allendorf, and G. K. Sage. 1995. Hybridization and introgression between introduced and native fish. American Fisheries Society Symposium 15: 91-101.
Lenski, R. E., and T. T. Nguyen. 1988. Stability of recombinant DNA and its effects on fitness. Pages 18-20 in J. Hodgson and A. M. Sugden, eds. Planned release of genetically engineered organisms. Trends in Biotechnology/Trends in Ecology and Evolution Special Publication. Elsevier Publications, Cambridge.
MacKenzie, D. 1990. Jumping genes confound German scientists. New Scientist 15 December 1990: 18.
Marx, J. 1988. Gene watchers｡ﾇ feast served up in Toronto: Putting foreign genes into domestic animals. Science 242: 32-33.
Miller, R. R., J. D. Williams, and J. E. Williams. 1989. Extinctions of North American fishes during the past century. Fisheries (Bethesda) 14 (6): 22-38.
Mills, E. L., and J. L. Forney. 1988. Trophic dynamics and development of freshwater pelagic food webs. Pages 11-3- in S. R. Carpenter, ed. Complex interactions in lake communities. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
Minckley, W. L., and J. E. Deacon (eds). 1991. Battle against extinction: native fish management in the American west. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
Monaco, P. J., E. M. Rasch, and J. S. Balsano.1984. Apomictic reproduction in the amazon molly, Poecilia formosa, and its triploid hybrids. Pages 311-328 in B. J. Turner, ed. Evolutionary genetics of fishes. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
Moore, W. S. 1984. Evolutionary ecology of unisexual fishes. Pages 329-398 in B. J. Turner, ed. Evolutionary genetics of fishes. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
Moyle, P. B. and J. J. Cech, Jr. 1988. Fishes. An introduction to ichthyology. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
National Institutes of Health (NIH). 1994. Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NIH Guidelines). Federal Register 59: 34496, July 5, 1994.
National Institutes of Health (NIH). 1995. Amendment Effective April 17, 1995 to Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NIH Guidelines). Federal Register 60: 20726, April 27, 1995.
Nehlsen, W., J. Williams, and J. Lichatowich. 1991. Pacific salmon at the crossroads: stocks at risk from California, Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. Fisheries (Bethesda) 16 (2):4-21.
Nickelson, T. E., M. F. Solazzi, and S. L. Johnson.1986. Use of hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) presmolts to rebuild wild populations in Oregon coastal streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43: 2443-2449.
Norse, E. A. 1994. Uncharted waters. Conserving marine biological diversity. Pages 85-86 in G. K. Meffe and C. R. Carroll, eds. Principles of conservation biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA.
Odum, E. P. 1984. The mesocosm. BioScience 34: 558-562.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Environment Directorate in collaboration with Directorate for Science, Technology, and Industry. 1993. Safety evaluations of foods derived from modern biotechnology: concepts and principles. 1993 (93 93 04 1). OECD, 2 rue Andrè Pascal, 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 FRANCE.
Peralta, M. D. 1988. Aspects on the reproduction of bivalve molluscs. Acuavision. 3 (16): 14-16.
Perez-Farfante, I. and L. Robertson. 1992. Hermaphroditism in the penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae). Aquaculture 103 (3-4): 367-376.
Pickett, S. T. A., V. T. Parker, and P. L. Fiedler. 1992. The new paradigm in ecology: implications for conservation biology above the species level. Pages 65-88 in P. L. Fiedler and S. K. Jain, eds. Conservation biology: the theory and practice of nature conservation, preservation, and management. Chapman and Hall, N.Y.
Pinkert, C. A., D. L. Kooyman, and T. J. Dyer. 1991. Enhanced growth performance in transgenic swine. Pages 251-258 in N. First and F. P. Haseltine, eds. Transgenic animals. Butterworth-Heenemann, Boston.
Pursel, V. G., C. A. Pinkert, K. F. Miller, D. J. Bolt, R. G. Campbell, R. D. Palmiter, R. L. Brinster, and R. E. Hammer. 1989. Genetic engineering of livestock. Science 244: 1281-1287.
Regal, P. J. 1994. Scientific principles for ecologically based risk assessment of transgenic organisms. Molecular Ecology (1994) 3: 5-13.
Ricker, W. E. 1954. Stock and recruitment. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 11: 559-623.
Rothschild, B. J. 1986. Dynamics of marine fish populations. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Sadovy, Y. and D. Y. Shapir. 1987. Criteria for the diagnosis of hermaphroditism in fishes. Copeia 1: 136-156.
Scheerer, P. D. and Thorgaard, G. H. 1983. Increased survival salmonid hybrids by induced triploids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 40: 2040-2044.
Schartl, M., I. Nanda, I. Schlupp, B. Wilde, J. T. Epplen, M. Schmid, J. Parzefall. 1995. Incorporation of subgenomic amounts of DNA as compensation for mutational load in a gynogenetic fish. Nature 373: 68-71.
Schramm, H. L., Jr. and R. G. Piper, eds. Uses and effects of cultured fishes in aquatic ecosystems. American Fisheries Society Symposium 15. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.
Sidermann, C. J. 1986. Strategies for reducing risks from introductions of aquatic organisms: a marine perspective. Fisheries (Bethesda) 11 (2): 10-15.
Sidermann, C. J. 1992. Role of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) concerning introductions of marine organisms. Pages 367-376 in A. Rosenfield and R. Mann, eds. Dispersal of living organisms into aquaric ecosystems. Maryland Sea Grant, College Park, MD.
Soto, C. G., J. F. Leatherland, and D. L.G. Noakes. 1992. Gonadal histology in the self-fertilizing hermaphroditic fish, Rivulus marmoratus (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 70 (12): 2338-2347.
Stein, R. A., S. T. Threlkeld, C. D. Sandgren, W. G. Sprules, L. Persson, E. E. Werner, W. E. Neill, and S. I. Dodson. 1988. Size-structured interactions in lake communities. Pages 161-179 in S. R. Carpenter, ed. Complex interactions in lake communities. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Sunobe, T. and A. Nakozono. 1993. Sex change in both directions by alteration of social dominance in Trimma okinawae (Pisces: Gobiidae). Ethology 94 (4): 339-345.
Thorgaard, G. H., P. D. Scheerer, and J. E. Parsons. 1985. Residual paternal inheritance in gynogenetic rainbow trout: implications for gene transfer. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 71: 119-121.
Thorgaard, G. H. and Allen, S. K., Jr. 1992. Environmental impacts of inbred, hybrid, and polyploid aquatic species. Pages 281-288 in A. Rosenfield and R. Mann, eds. Dispersal of living organisms into aquatic ecosystems. Maryland Sea Grant College Program, College Park, Maryland.
Tiedje, J. M., R. K. Colwell, Y. L. Grossman, R. E. Hodson, R. E. Lenski, R. N. Mack, and P. J. Regal. 1989. The planned introduction of genetically engineered organisms: Ecological considerations and recommendations. Ecology 70: 298-315.
Triantaphyllidis, G. V., T. J. Abatzopoulos, R.M. Sadaltzopoulos, G. Stamou, and G. C. Kastritsis. 1993. Characterization of two new Artemia populations from two solar saltworks of Lesbos Island (Greece): Biometry, hatching characteristics and fatty acid profile. International Journal of Salt Lake Research 2 (1): 59-68.
Turner, B. J., J. F. Elder, Jr., T. F. Laughlin, W. P. Davis, D. S. Taylor. 1992. Extreme clonal diversity and divergence in populations of a selfing hermaphroditic fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89 (22): 10643-10647.
Turner, B. J., ed. 1984. Evolutionary genetics of fishes. Plenum Press, New York.
Vincent, R. E. 1987. Effects of stocking catchable-size hatchery rainbow trout on two wild trout species in the Madison River and O｡ﾇDell Creek, Montana. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 7: 91-105.
Voshell, J. R., Jr., ed. 1989. Using mesocosms to assess the aquatic ecological risk of pesticides: Theory and practice. Entomological Society of America, Miscellaneous Publications 75: 1-88.
Vrijenhoek, R. C. 1984. The evolution of clonal diversity in Poeciliopsis. Pages 399-429 in B. J. Turner, ed. Evolutionary Genetics of Fishes. Plenum Press, New York.
Wilbur, A. E. and P. M. Gaffney. 1991. Self-fertilization in the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. Journal of Shellfish Research 10 (1): 274.
Wahl, D. H., R. A. Stein, and D. R. DeVries. 1995. An ecological framework for evaluating the success and effects of stocked fishes. American Fisheries Society Symposium 15: 176-189.
Wilcove, D., M. Bean, and P. C. Lee. 1992. Fisheries management and biological diversity: problems and opportunities. Transactions of the 57th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: 373-383.
Williams, J. D. and M. Mulvey. 1994. Recognition of freshwater mussel taxa. A conservation challenge. Pages 57-58 in G. K. Meffe and C. R. Carroll, eds. Principles of conservation biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland MA.
Williams, J. D., M. L. Warren, K.S. Cummings, J. L. Harris, and R. J. Neves. 1993. Conservation status of freshwater mussels of the United States and Canada. Fisheries (Bethesda) 18 (9): 6-22.
Williams, J. E. Johnson, D. A. Hendrickson, S. Contraras-Balderas, J. D. Williams, M. Navarro-Mendoza, D. E. McAllister, and J. E. Deacon. 1989. Fishes of North America, endangered, threatened, or of special concern, 1989. Fisheries (Bethesda) 14 (6): 2-38.
Wood, H. A., K. Munkenbeck Trotter, T. R. Davis, and P. R. Hughes. 1993. Per os infectivity of preoccluded virons from polyhedrin-minus recombinant baculoviruses. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 62: 64-67.
Wright, S. 1943. Isolation by distance. Genetic 28: 114-138.