_enti_e7
_enti_e8
_enti_e9
_enti_e1
_enti_e3
_enti_e4
_enti_e2
_enti_e55
_enti_e53
_enti_e59
_enti_e52
_enti_e56
_enti_e50
_enti_e51
_enti_e54
_enti_e61
_enti_e58
_enti_e57
_enti_e62
_enti_e60
g1_fact_g1
g2_fact_g12
g2_fact_g13
g1_fact_g14
p1_propro_p1
PMID:15476918,12351681,9609827,12872120
Activation of theToll transmembrane
receptor by its ligand Sp¨atzle (SPZ) leads to the
formation of a multimeric receptoradaptor complex, which
comprises three death-domain proteins: MyD88, Tube and
the kinase Pelle
c1 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c2 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c3 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p2_propro_p2
PMID:15476918,12351681,9609827,12872120
Activation of theToll transmembrane
receptor by its ligand Sp¨atzle (SPZ) leads to the
formation of a multimeric receptoradaptor complex, which
comprises three death-domain proteins: MyD88, Tube and
the kinase Pelle
c4 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c5 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c6 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c7 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p1_propro_p3
PMID:15476918,12351681,9609827,12872120
Activation of theToll transmembrane
receptor by its ligand Sp¨atzle (SPZ) leads to the
formation of a multimeric receptoradaptor complex, which
comprises three death-domain proteins: MyD88, Tube and
the kinase Pelle
c8 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c9 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c10 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p4_propro_p4
PMID:15476918
Assembly of these proteins as a complex induces
phosphorylation of the IKappa-B like inhibitor Cactus by
an unknown kinase distinct from Pelle. Phosphorylated cactus
is degraded by the proteasome and dissociates from the
Rel transcription factor dorsal-related immunity factor (DIF)
that is then free to translocate into the nucleus and to activate
numerous genes, including AMP genes.
c11 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c12 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c13 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p5_propro_p5
PMID:15476918
Assembly of these proteins as a complex induces
phosphorylation of the IKappa-B like inhibitor Cactus by
an unknown kinase distinct from Pelle. Phosphorylated cactus
is degraded by the proteasome and dissociates from the
Rel transcription factor dorsal-related immunity factor (DIF)
that is then free to translocate into the nucleus and to activate
numerous genes, including AMP genes.
c14 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c15 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c16 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p6_propro_p6
PMID:15476918
Assembly of these proteins as a complex induces
phosphorylation of the IKappa-B like inhibitor Cactus by
an unknown kinase distinct from Pelle. Phosphorylated cactus
is degraded by the proteasome and dissociates from the
Rel transcription factor dorsal-related immunity factor (DIF)
that is then free to translocate into the nucleus and to activate
numerous genes, including AMP genes.
c17 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c18 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
c19 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p7_propro_p7
PMID:15476918
Assembly of these proteins as a complex induces
phosphorylation of the IKappa-B like inhibitor Cactus by
an unknown kinase distinct from Pelle. Phosphorylated cactus
is degraded by the proteasome and dissociates from the
Rel transcription factor dorsal-related immunity factor (DIF)
that is then free to translocate into the nucleus and to activate
numerous genes, including AMP genes.
c20 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c21 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p8_propro_p8
PMID:15476918
Assembly of these proteins as a complex induces
phosphorylation of the IKappa-B like inhibitor Cactus by
an unknown kinase distinct from Pelle. Phosphorylated cactus
is degraded by the proteasome and dissociates from the
Rel transcription factor dorsal-related immunity factor (DIF)
that is then free to translocate into the nucleus and to activate
numerous genes, including AMP genes.
c22 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c23 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p9_propro_p9
PMID: 15476918,12123572,12433364,11485985
Activation of this pathway triggers a
cascade of kinases (DmTAK, IKK), which ultimately phosphorylates
the Rel protein Relish
c24 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c25 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c26 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p9_propro_p10
PMID: 15476918,12123572,12433364,11485985
Activation of this pathway triggers a
cascade of kinases (DmTAK, IKK), which ultimately phosphorylates
the Rel protein Relish
c27 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c28 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
p12_propro_p12
PMID: 15476918,12732719,11269502
Phosphorylated Relish is
then cleaved by the DREDD caspase dissociating the IKappa-B
like domain from the Rel DNA binding domain, which can
then translocate into the nucleus
c33 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c29 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c30 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
c31 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p13_propro_p13
PMID: 15476918,12732719,11269502
Phosphorylated Relish is
then cleaved by the DREDD caspase dissociating the IKappa-B
like domain from the Rel DNA binding domain, which can
then translocate into the nucleus
c34 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c35 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p14_propro_p14
PMID: 15476918,14684822,14722090
These genetic data are correlated with biochemical
studies indicating that PGRP-SA and GNBP-1 could be part
of the same protein complex
PMID:15476918
These genetic data, combined with
the known ability of PGRP-SA to bind PGN, make PGRPSA
a bona fide PRRs upstream of the Toll pathway
c36 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c79 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c38 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p15_propro_p15
PMID: 15476918
First, LTA is also a
PGRP-SA/GNBP-1-dependent elicitor of the Toll pathway,
suggesting that the same receptor or receptor complex can
detect multiple PAMPs
c40 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c80 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c41 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p16_propro_p16
PMID:15476918,11106397
Using RNA interference to knock down specific
isoforms, Werner et al. showed that the x isoform is the only
one required for diptericin induction by DAP-PGN
PMID: 15476918
Another member of the PGRP
family, PGRP-LE could be a potential partner for PGRP-LC
in Gram-negative sensing.
c42 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c43 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c128 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c44 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p17_propro_p17
PMID:15476918,11106397
On the
contrary, response to LPS could involve a cooperation between
PGRP-LCx and PGRP-LCa
PMID: 15476918
Another member of the PGRP
family, PGRP-LE could be a potential partner for PGRP-LC
in Gram-negative sensing.
c45 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c46 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c47 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c129 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c48 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p18_propro_p18
PMID:15476918
Abroader binding specificitywas also
reported for Holotrichia diomphalia PGRP-1 and PGRP-2
that bind to both PGN and Beta1,3-glucan.
c49 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c50 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c51 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p18_propro_p19
PMID:15476918
Abroader binding specificitywas also
reported for Holotrichia diomphalia PGRP-1 and PGRP-2
that bind to both PGN and Beta1,3-glucan.
c52 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c53 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c54 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p18_propro_p20
PMID:15476918
Abroader binding specificitywas also
reported for Holotrichia diomphalia PGRP-1 and PGRP-2
that bind to both PGN and Beta1,3-glucan.
c55 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c56 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c57 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p18_propro_p21
PMID:15476918
Abroader binding specificitywas also
reported for Holotrichia diomphalia PGRP-1 and PGRP-2
that bind to both PGN and Beta1,3-glucan.
c58 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c59 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c60 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p22_propro_p22
PMID: 15476918,8755572
The
C-terminal part of B. mori GNBP has a strong specificity and
high affinity for Beta1,3-glucan and for LPS
PMID: 15476918,10671539
The N-terminal 100 AA, known as the GNBP homology
domain, can also bind Beta1,3-glucan
c61 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c62 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c63 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p22_propro_p23
PMID: 15476918,8755572
The
C-terminal part of B. mori GNBP has a strong specificity and
high affinity for Beta1,3-glucan and for LPS
c64 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c65 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c66 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p24_propro_p24
PMID: 15476918
In most insects, these proteins
are involved in LPS and Beta1,3-glucan-dependent activation
of the protease cascades leading to prophenoloxidase
activation.
c67 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c68 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c69 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p24_propro_p25
PMID: 15476918
In most insects, these proteins
are involved in LPS and Beta1,3-glucan-dependent activation
of the protease cascades leading to prophenoloxidase
activation.
c70 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c71 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c72 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p24_propro_p26
PMID: 15476918
In most insects, these proteins
are involved in LPS and Beta1,3-glucan-dependent activation
of the protease cascades leading to prophenoloxidase
activation.
c73 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c75 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c74 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p14_propro_p27
PMID: 15476918,14684822,14722090
These genetic data are correlated with biochemical
studies indicating that PGRP-SA and GNBP-1 could be part
of the same protein complex
PMID:15476918
These genetic data, combined with
the known ability of PGRP-SA to bind PGN, make PGRPSA
a bona fide PRRs upstream of the Toll pathway
c76 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c77 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c78 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p28_propro_p28
PMID: 15476918
GNBP-
1 overexpression in Drosophila cell culture increases AMP
gene transcription after stimulation by LPS or Beta1,3-glucan
c39 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c37 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p28_propro_p29
PMID: 15476918
GNBP-
1 overexpression in Drosophila cell culture increases AMP
gene transcription after stimulation by LPS or Beta1,3-glucan
c81 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c82 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p30_propro_p30
PMID: 15476918,9326640,12225919
While this discrepancy will need furtherwork to be
understood, it should be noted that mosquito GNBP recognizes
both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria when
overexpressed in culture cells and that some Manduca sexta
BetaGRPs can bind simultaneously LPS and LTA
c83 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c84 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c85 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c86 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p31_propro_p31
PMID: 15476918
One possible model could be that,
in Drosophila, PGN and LTA are recognized respectively by
PGRP-SA and GNBP-1
c87 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c88 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c89 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p31_propro_p32
PMID: 15476918
One possible model could be that,
in Drosophila, PGN and LTA are recognized respectively by
PGRP-SA and GNBP-1
c90 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c92 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c91 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p33_propro_p33
PMID: 15476918,12225919
Its (hemolin) recognition specificity ranges from LTA to LPS and Beta1,3-
glucan
c93 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c94 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c95 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p33_propro_p34
PMID: 15476918,12225919
Its (hemolin) recognition specificity ranges from LTA to LPS and beta1,3-
glucan
c96 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c97 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c98 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p33_propro_p35
PMID: 15476918,12225919
Its (hemolin) recognition specificity ranges from LTA to LPS and beta1,3-
glucan
c99 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c100 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c101 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p36_propro_p36
PMID: 15476918,10954704
C-type lectins form an
important class of calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding
proteins implicated in both vertebrate and invertebrate innate
immune responses.
Composed of one or more carbohydrate
recognition domains, these proteins are found
in lepidopteran plasma where, as described below, they
are necessary for LPS-mediated proPO activation
c102 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c103 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c105 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c104 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p36_propro_p37
PMID: 15476918,10954704
C-type lectins form an
important class of calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding
proteins implicated in both vertebrate and invertebrate innate
immune responses.
Composed of one or more carbohydrate
recognition domains, these proteins are found
in lepidopteran plasma where, as described below, they
are necessary for LPS-mediated proPO activation
c106 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c107 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c108 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p38_propro_p38
PMID: 15476918,10954704
Composed of one or more carbohydrate
recognition domains, these proteins are found
in lepidopteran plasma where, as described below, they
are necessary for LPS-mediated proPO activation
c109 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c110 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c111 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p39_propro_p39
PMID: 15476918
A proposed model would be that SPH bound to
Immunolectin-2 would recruit proPO and PPAE at the site
of infection
c112 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c113 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c114 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p39_propro_p40
PMID: 15476918
A proposed model would be that SPH bound to
Immunolectin-2 would recruit proPO and PPAE at the site
of infection
c115 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c116 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c117 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c118 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p41_propro_p41
PMID;15476918,11912489
dSR-CI, another Drosophila scavenger receptor (SR), is macrophage specific
and recognizes a broad range of polyanionic ligands much
like the mammalian class A SR
c119 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c120 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c121 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p43_propro_p43
c127 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c126 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
Toll_enti_e5
Toll
Spatzle_enti_e6
Spatzle
Toll:Spatzle_enti_e11
Toll:Spatzle
MyD88_enti_MO000016573
MyD88
Tube_enti_e12
Tube
Pelle_enti_e13
Pelle
MyD88:Pelle:Tube_enti_e14
MyD88:Pelle:Tube
Toll:SPZ:Tube:Pelle:MyD88_enti_e15
Toll:SPZ:Tube:Pelle:MyD88
Cactus_enti_MO000036885
Cactus
DIF_enti_e16
DIF
Cactus:DIF_enti_e17
Cactus:DIF
cactus{p}:DIF_enti_e19
cactus{p}:DIF
proteosome remnants_enti_e18
DIF_enti_e20
DIF
Amp_enti_e21
Amp
IKK_enti_MO000000248
IKK
Relish_enti_e10
Relish
DmTAK_enti_e23
DmTAK
Dredd_enti_e25
Dredd
Relish{p}_enti_e22
Relish{p}
IKappaB like domain_enti_e24
IKappaB like domain
Rel DNA binding domain_enti_e26
Rel DNA binding domain
Rel DNA binding domain_enti_e27
Rel DNA binding domain
PGRP-SA_enti_e28
PGRP-SA
PGRP-LCx_enti_e29
PGRP-LCx
Lys-PGN_enti_MO000042032
Lys-PGN
Receptor:Lys:PGN_enti_e30
Receptor:Lys:PGN
LTA_enti_e31
LTA
Receptor:LTA_enti_e32
Receptor:LTA
DAP-PGN_enti_e33
DAP-PGN
PGRP-LCx:DAP-PGN_enti_e34
PGRP-LCx:DAP-PGN
LPS_enti_MO000016882
LPS
PGRP-LCa_enti_e35
PGRP-LCa
PGRP:LCa:LCx:LPS_enti_e36
PGRP:LCa:LCx:LPS
PGRP-1_enti_e37
PGRP-1
PGN_enti_e38
PGN
PGRP-1:PGN_enti_e39
PGRP-1:PGN
Beta 1,3 glucan_enti_e40
Beta 1,3 glucan
PGRP-2_enti_e41
PGRP-2
PGRP-2:Beta 1,3 glucan_enti_e42
PGRP-2:Beta 1,3 glucan
PGRP-1:Beta 1,3 glucan_enti_e43
PGRP-1:Beta 1,3 glucan
PGRP-2:PGN_enti_e44
PGRP-2:PGN
GNBP-1_enti_e45
GNBP-1
GNBP-1:Beta 1,3 glucan_enti_e46
GNBP-1:Beta 1,3 glucan
GNBP-1:LPS_enti_e47
GNBP-1:LPS
proteases_enti_e48
proteases
proteases{active}_enti_e49
proteases{active}
prophenoloxidase_enti_e63
prophenoloxidase
phenoloxidase_enti_e64
phenoloxidase
PGRP-SA:GNBP-1_enti_e65
PGRP-SA:GNBP-1
GNBP-1:LPS:LTA_enti_e66
GNBP-1:LPS:LTA
PGRP-SA:Lys-PGN_enti_e67
PGRP-SA:Lys-PGN
GNBP-1:LTA_enti_e68
GNBP-1:LTA
Hemolin_enti_e69
Hemolin
Hemolin:LTA_enti_e70
Hemolin:LTA
Hemolin:LPS_enti_e71
Hemolin:LPS
Hemolin:Beta 1,3 glucan_enti_e72
Hemolin:Beta 1,3 glucan
Ctype lectins_enti_e73
Ctype lectins
carbohydrate_enti_e74
carbohydrate
Clectin:carbohydrate_enti_e75
Clectin:carbohydrate
calcium_enti_e76
calcium
Clectin:LPS_enti_e77
Clectin:LPS
proPO_enti_e78
proPO
SPH_enti_e79
SPH
Immunolectin-2_enti_e80
Immunolectin-2
SPH:Immunolectin-2_enti_e81
SPH:Immunolectin-2
PPAE_enti_e82
PPAE
SPH:Immunolectin-2:proPO:PPAE_enti_e83
SPH:Immunolectin-2:proPO:PPAE
dSR-CI_enti_e84
dSR-CI
polyanionic ligands_enti_e85
polyanionic ligands
dSR-CI:ligand_enti_e86
dSR-CI:ligand
PGRP-LE_enti_e87
PGRP-LE
T7 lysozyme_enti_e91
T7 lysozyme