PMID: 15331118 Activation of T cells is initiated by engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) with peptide antigen presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on antigen-presenting cells (APC).

PMID: 15331118 Activation of T cells is initiated by engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) with peptide antigen presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on antigen-presenting cells (APC) or anti-receptor antibodies.

indirect

PMID: 15331118 Occupancy of the TCR triggers activation of Src family protein tyrosine kinases Fyn and Lck.

indirect

PMID: 15331118 Occupancy of the TCR triggers activation of Src family protein tyrosine kinases Fyn and Lck.

PMID: 15331118 Occupancy of the TCR triggers activation of Src family protein tyrosine kinases Fyn and Lck, which mediate the phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs on CD3-ζ.

PMID: 15331118 Occupancy of the TCR triggers activation of Src family protein tyrosine kinases Fyn and Lck, which mediate the phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs on CD3-ζ.

PMID: 15331118 Occupancy of the TCR triggers activation of Src family protein tyrosine kinases Fyn and Lck, which mediate the phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs on CD3-ζ. This leads to the recruitment and activation of ZAP-70.

PMID:15331118 ZAP-70 subsequently phosphorylates adaptor proteins, such as the linker for activated T cells (LAT), which in turn mobilize other adaptor proteins or enzymes to amplify and to transmit signals downstream through different stages and ultimately lead to the activation of different nuclear transcription factors necessary for cytokine gene transcription.

indirect

PMID:15331118 LAT in turn mobilize other adaptor proteins or enzymes to amplify and to transmit signals downstream through different stages and ultimately lead to the activation of different nuclear transcription factors necessary for cytokine gene transcription.

indirect

PMID:15331118 LAT in turn mobilize other adaptor proteins or enzymes to amplify and to transmit signals downstream through different stages and ultimately lead to the activation of different nuclear transcription factors necessary for cytokine gene transcription.

PMID: 15331118 The binding of LPS to its receptor CD14 at cell surface triggers its association with transmembrane protein toll-like receptor (TLR), mainly TLR2 and TLR4.

PMID: 15331118 The binding of LPS to its receptor CD14 at cell surface triggers its association with transmembrane protein toll-like receptor (TLR), mainly TLR2 and TLR4.

PMID: 15331118 The binding of LPS to its receptor CD14 at cell surface triggers its association with transmembrane protein toll-like receptor (TLR), mainly TLR2 and TLR4.

PMID: 15331118 MyD88, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, responds to CD14/TLR stimulation by recruiting IRAK.

PMID: 15331118 MyD88, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, responds to CD14/TLR stimulation by recruiting IRAK.

PMID: 15331118 MyD88, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, responds to CD14/TLR stimulation by recruiting IRAK.

PMID: 15331118 MyD88, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, responds to CD14/TLR stimulation by recruiting IRAK.

PMID: 15331118 MyD88, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, responds to CD14/TLR stimulation by recruiting IRAK which leads to IRAK activation.

PMID: 15331118 TRAF6 is phosphorylated and recruited to IRAK.

PMID: 15331118 TRAF6 is phosphorylated and recruited to IRAK.

PMID: 15331118 MyD88, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, responds to CD14/TLR stimulation by recruiting IRAK which leads to IRAK activation.

PMID: 15331118 TRAF6 is phosphorylated and recruited to IRAK.

indirect

PMID: 15331118 Several tentative molecules have been suggested to relay the signal to IKK complex downstream of TRAF6. NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is one of these molecules.

PMID: 15331118 IKK is a major kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of IκB.

PMID: 15331118 Phosphorylated IκB is eventually degraded, leaving the NF-κB dimer free and translocate to nucleus

PMID: 15331118 Phosphorylated IκB is eventually degraded, leaving the NF-κB dimer free and translocate to nucleus

PMID: 15331118 NF-κB binds to the promoter region of COX-2 gene

indirect

PMID: 15331118 Several tentative molecules have been suggested to relay the signal to IKK complex downstream of TRAF6. NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is one of these molecules.

indirect

PMID: 15331118 Several tentative molecules have been suggested to relay the signal to IKK complex downstream of TRAF6. NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is one of these molecules.

PMID: 15331118 NF-κB binds to the promoter region of COX-2 gene and initiates the transcription.

PMID: 15331118 The resulting mRNA of COX-2 encodes synthesis of COX-2 enzyme.

PMID: 15331118 COX-2 catalyzes metabolism of AA to PGH2 which is further isomerized to PGE2.

PMID: 15331118 COX-2 catalyzes metabolism of AA to PGH2 which is further isomerized to PGE2

PMID: 15331118 Ceramide is a sphingolipid second messenger generated from the hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin under the action of sphingomyelinase (SMase).

indirect

PMID: 15331118 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) intermediates such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 are involved in LPS- as well as ceramide-induced COX-2 gene expression.

indirect

PMID: 15331118 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) intermediates such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 are involved in LPS- as well as ceramide-induced COX-2 gene expression.

indirect

PMID: 15331118 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) intermediates such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 are involved in LPS- as well as ceramide-induced COX-2 gene expression.

indirect

PMID: 15331118 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) intermediates such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 are involved in LPS- as well as ceramide-induced COX-2 gene expression.

indirect

PMID: 15331118 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) intermediates such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 are involved in LPS- as well as ceramide-induced COX-2 gene expression.

indirect PMID: 15331118 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) intermediates such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 are involved in LPS- as well as ceramide-induced COX-2 gene expression.

indirect

PMID: 15331118 ceramide stimulates by itself and also potentiates LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression.

PMID: 15331118 Ceramide alone was a weak inducer of NF-κB activation.

PMID: 15331118 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) intermediates such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 are involved in LPS- as well as ceramide-induced COX-2 gene expression.

PMID: 15331118 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) intermediates such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 are involved in LPS- as well as ceramide-induced COX-2 gene expression.

PMID: 15331118 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) intermediates such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 are involved in LPS- as well as ceramide-induced COX-2 gene expression.

PMID: 15331118 Occupancy of the TCR triggers activation of Src family protein tyrosine kinases Fyn and Lck.

PMID: 15331118 Occupancy of the TCR triggers activation of Src family protein tyrosine kinases Fyn and Lck.