PMID:1492121 The antigen signal received by the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex is transmitted to the nucleus.

PMID: 1492121 A combination of phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) is required for maximal activation of cytokine genes, suggesting a synergy between the processes mediated by Ca + and by protein kinase C. The production of IL-2 or GM-CSF shows such synergy between these two signals. An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 A combination of phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) is required for maximal activation of cytokine genes, suggesting a synergy between the processes mediated by Ca + and by protein kinase C. The production of IL-2 or GM-CSF shows such synergy between these two signals. An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 A combination of phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) is required for maximal activation of cytokine genes, suggesting a synergy between the processes mediated by Ca + and by protein kinase C. The production of IL-2 or GM-CSF shows such synergy between these two signals. An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 A combination of phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) is required for maximal activation of cytokine genes, suggesting a synergy between the processes mediated by Ca + and by protein kinase C. The production of IL-2 or GM-CSF shows such synergy between these two signals. An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 A combination of phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) is required for maximal activation of cytokine genes, suggesting a synergy between the processes mediated by Ca + and by protein kinase C. The production of IL-2 or GM-CSF shows such synergy between these two signals. An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 A combination of phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) is required for maximal activation of cytokine genes, suggesting a synergy between the processes mediated by Ca + and by protein kinase C. The production of IL-2 or GM-CSF shows such synergy between these two signals. An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 A combination of phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) is required for maximal activation of cytokine genes, suggesting a synergy between the processes mediated by Ca + and by protein kinase C. The production of IL-2 or GM-CSF shows such synergy between these two signals. An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 A combination of phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) is required for maximal activation of cytokine genes, suggesting a synergy between the processes mediated by Ca + and by protein kinase C. The production of IL-2 or GM-CSF shows such synergy between these two signals. An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10).

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10).

PMID: 1492121, 1848158 Tyrosine kinases such as lck and fyn have received attention as molecules which may play an important role in coupling the TCR to signal transduction machinery downstream.

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10).

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10).

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10).

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10).

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 ) or Ca 2 + ionophore alone (IL-3, IL-4 and IFN-gamma). An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 ) or Ca 2 + ionophore alone (IL-3, IL-4 and IFN-gamma). An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 ) or Ca 2 + ionophore alone (IL-3, IL-4 and IFN-gamma). An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 ) or Ca 2 + ionophore alone (IL-3, IL-4 and IFN-gamma). An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 ) or Ca 2 + ionophore alone (IL-3, IL-4 and IFN-gamma). An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121 certain cytokines are activated by phorbol esters alone (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 ) or Ca 2 + ionophore alone (IL-3, IL-4 and IFN-gamma). An immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), almost completely inhibits production of those cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-7) whose expression depends on a calcium signal when T cells are activated by PMA/A23187 or antiCD3 antibody.

PMID: 1492121, 1848158 Tyrosine kinases such as lck and fyn have received attention as molecules which may play an important role in coupling the TCR to signal transduction machinery downstream.

PMID: 1492121 PGE2 inhibits the expression of IL-3 and GM-CSF in Thl clone but not in Th2 clone

PMID: 1492121 PGE2 inhibits the expression of IL-3 and GM-CSF in Thl clone but not in Th2 clone

PMID: 1492121, 1845802, 2162906 PGE2, forskolin and cholera toxin, known to elevate cAMP levels, inhibit IL-2 and IFN-gamma production.

PMID: 1492121, 1845802, 2162906 PGE2, forskolin and cholera toxin, known to elevate cAMP levels, inhibit IL-2 and IFN-gamma production.

PMID: 1492121, 1845802, 2162906 PGE2, forskolin and cholera toxin, known to elevate cAMP levels, inhibit IL-2 and IFN-gamma production.

PMID: 1492121, 1845802, 2162906 PGE2, forskolin and cholera toxin, known to elevate cAMP levels, inhibit IL-2 and IFN-gamma production.

PMID: 1492121 Thus a 10 base pairs sequence from position -91 to -82 of the GM2 motif of the GM-CSF promoter was defined as the binding site for the NF-GM2.

PMID: 1492121, 2263644, 1378279 The activation of cytoplasmic NF-kappaB is thought to be mediated by its signal-dependent release from an inhibitory protein designated IkappaB allowing NF-kappaB to translocate to the nucleus and to bind to the kappaB element. NF-kappaB activation is induced by a variety of substances, such as PMA, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-beta and IL-1), agents provoking oxidative stresses (H202).

PMID: 1492121 The activation of cytoplasmic NF-kappaB is thought to be mediated by its signal-dependent release from an inhibitory protein designated IkappaB allowing NF-kappaB to translocate to the nucleus and to bind to the kappaB element.

PMID: 1492121, 2263644, 1378279 NF-kappaB activation is induced by a variety of substances, such as PMA, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-beta and IL-1), agents provoking oxidative stresses (H202).

PMID: 1492121 The major events of early activation involve plasma membrane inositol phospholipid hydrolysis.

PMID: 1492121, 2263644, 1378279 NF-kappaB activation is induced by a variety of substances, such as PMA, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-beta and IL-1), agents provoking oxidative stresses (H202).

PMID: 1492121, 2263644, 1378279 NF-kappaB activation is induced by a variety of substances, such as PMA, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-beta and IL-1), agents provoking oxidative stresses (H202).

PMID: 1492121, 2263644, 1378279 NF-kappaB activation is induced by a variety of substances, such as PMA, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-beta and IL-1), agents provoking oxidative stresses (H202).

PMID: 1492121, 2263644, 1378279 NF-kappaB activation is induced by a variety of substances, such as PMA, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-beta and IL-1), agents provoking oxidative stresses (H202).

PMID: 1492121, 2137553 Ets-I and Ets-2 are phosphorylated in T cells upon antigen stimulation and calcium ionophore stimulation mimics this reaction.

PMID: 1492121, 2137553 Ets-I and Ets-2 are phosphorylated in T cells upon antigen stimulation and calcium ionophore stimulation mimics this reaction.

PMID: 1492121, 2137553 Ets-I and Ets-2 are phosphorylated in T cells upon antigen stimulation and calcium ionophore stimulation mimics this reaction.

PMID: 1492121, 2137553 Ets-I and Ets-2 are phosphorylated in T cells upon antigen stimulation and calcium ionophore stimulation mimics this reaction.

PMID: 1492121 The major events of early activation involve (1) plasma membrane inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, (2) increases in cytoplasmic calcium concentration.

PMID: 1492121, 2201921 Activation of p21ras following stimulation of the TCR suggests the involvement of the ras protooncogene in T cell activation.

PMID: 1492121, 2785241 The involvement of one or more isozymes of protein kinase C in TCR-mediated signaling has been established by experiments using phorbol ester or constitutively active protein kinase C.

The involvement of one or more isozymes of protein kinase C in TCR-mediated signaling has been established by experiments using phorbol ester or constitutively active protein kinase C.

PMID: 1492121 A combination of phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) is required for maximal activation of cytokine genes, suggesting a synergy between the processes mediated by Ca + and by protein kinase C. The production of IL-2 or GM-CSF shows such synergy between these two signals.